An action for breach of confidence has quite a wide
scope. It may arise where an employee takes secrets from their boss to their
competitor, or even where a partner in a married couple divulges secrets of
their relationship. The basis for the action can come from a variety of legal
realms, however the most common is through a provision in a contract of
employment.
Elements
In
order to maintain an action for breach of confidence, the person who brings the
action must establish three elements;
1. That the information has the necessary
quality of confidence or secrecy;
2. The information was imparted in
circumstances importing an obligation of confidence;
3. There was (or may be) an unauthorised use
of the information.
Unless
you are an expert, it can be quite a complex process to determine whether these
elements are met. Most people will approach a lawyer after satisfying element three,
however it is numbers one and two which create the most difficulty.
Defences
If
you are concerned because you may have disclosed confidential information, do
not fret. There is a range of defences which may aid you. Defences to an action
for breach of confidence include:
·
Consent of the confider
·
Disclosure for the purpose of complying with the
law
·
Disclosure of a crime, wrong or misdeed
·
If disclosure is in the confidant’s interests
·
Disclosure in the public interest (for
national security, public health, and things of this gravity)
Remedies
Remedies
awarded in breach of confidence cases include:
·
Injunction
to prevent either;
a)
the information being revealed in the first
place, or
b)
further misuse of the information.
·
Monetary
Remedies (either an account of profits or damages)
·
Formation
of a constructive trust (where a defendant acquires some property by use of the
confidential information, it may be held on trust for the plaintiff)
·
Orders for delivery-up and for destruction
If
you are concerned that your confidential information is at risk, or if you are
unsure what you should or shouldn’t tell your next employer about your current
work, make an appointment to speak with us about your rights.